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DESCRIBES FIVE POINT CALVINISM AS A CHIASM/CROSS/QUADRANT BUT FOUR POINT CALVINISM SAYS THERE IS NO FIFTH PART (THE FIFTH IS ALWAYS QUESTIONABLE FOURTH DIFFERENT)
https://www.monergism.com/topics/bad-theology/four-point-calvinism
So-called four-point Calvinism fails the test of biblical Calvinism because this view tends to see the TULIP as an abstraction rather than seeing it Christocentrically. The TULIP only works when we see Christ at its center. Consider the TULIP as a chiasm with the "L" at the top of the pyramid. It is Jesus Christ which makes sense of all the doctrines of grace. Four-point Calvinists who reject Limited Atonement but embrace irresistible grace must consider this: Irresistible grace is not some abstract doctrine but must be seen in relation to Jesus Christ, specially in relation to the grace purchased by Christ upon the cross. The Spirit of Christ illuminates, regenerates and effectually brings to faith his elect. And this enabling, effectual grace is, from first to last, Christ-centered. It does not come out of a void, nor from some hidden source of grace in God the Father. Therefore Christ must have died for the elect so as to purchase that grace in a way – a redemptive way – that he did not die for the non-elect. That is why we often call it particular redemption. Irresistible grace is one of the redemptive benefits purchased by Jesus Christ ... and it was never granted to the non-elect nor intended for them. Four point Calvinism not only fails the test of Christocentricity but fails to acknowledge that the Trinity always works in harmony. The Father elects a particular people for himself, Christ dies to secure their redemption and the Holy Sprit unites the same to Christ applying the benefits of Christ's redemption to them. I believe that until Jesus Christ is seen as central to the TULIP then four-pointers will continue to reject the christocentric nature of the Scripture and the gospel is partly distorted as a result.
“Four-point Calvinism”
http://thoughtstheological.com/four-point-and-five-point-calvinism-defined/
“Four-point Calvinism” affirms the T, U, I, and P of TULIP [see “five-point Calvinism”], but it rejects the assertion of the Canons of Dort that “it was the will of God, that Christ by the blood of the cross, whereby he confirmed the new covenant, should effectually redeem out of every people, tribe, nation, and language, all those, and those only, who were from eternity chosen to salvation’ (Art. VIII). On this issue, it agrees with Arminianism that there was a single intent for the atonement and that it was universal and provisional.
THE FOUR WORKS LUTHER REJECTED
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_canon
Luther made an attempt to remove the books of Hebrews, James, Jude and Revelation from the canon (notably, he perceived them to go against certain Protestant doctrines such as sola gratia and sola fide), but this was not generally accepted among his followers. However, these books are ordered last in the German-language Luther Bible to this day.[5]
"If Luther's negative view of these books were based only upon the fact that their canonicity was disputed in early times, 2 Peter might have been included among them, because this epistle was doubted more than any other in ancient times."[1]However, the prefaces that Luther affixed to these four books makes it evident "that his low view of them was more due to his theological reservations than with any historical investigation of the canon."[1]
https://www.lds.org/scriptures/bd/pauline-epistles?lang=eng
Paul’s epistles may be divided into four groups:
-
1 and 2 Thes. (A.D. 50, 51)
-
1 and 2 Cor., Gal., Rom. (A.D. 55, 57)
-
Philip., Col., Eph., Philem., Heb. (A.D. 60, 62)
-
Titus, 1 and 2 Tim. (A.D. 64, 65)
THE GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES OF JAPAN ARE FOUR ON THE LEFT AND FOUR ON THE RIGHT- THERE ARE FOUR HIGHEST POSITIONS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangi_(Japan)
The highest positions in the court hierarchy can be cataloged.[6] A dry list provides a superficial glimpse inside the complexity and inter-connected relationships of the Imperial court structure.
-
Daijō daijin (Chancellor of the Realm or Chief Minister).[7]
-
The government ministries were eight semi-independent bureaucracies. A list alone cannot reveal much about the actual functioning of the Daijō-kan, but the broad hierarchical categories do suggest the way in which governmental functions were parsed:
Left
-
Ministry of Civil Services; also known as the "Ministry of Legislative Direction and Public Instruction".[10]
-
Ministry of Ceremonies; also known as the "Ministry of the Interior".[11]
Right
The specific ministries above are not grouped arbitrarily. The two court officials below had responsibility for them as follows:
-
Major Controller of the Left (左大弁 Sadaiben)[16] This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries: Center, Civil Services, Ceremonies, and Taxation.[2]
-
Major Controller of the Right (右大弁 Udaiben)[16] This administrator was charged or tasked with supervising four ministries: Military, Justice, Treasury and Imperial Household.[2]
-
CHAIN LINK FENCES ARE QUADRANTS
A chain-link fence (also referred to as wire netting, wire-mesh fence, chain-wire fence, cyclone fence, hurricane fence, or diamond-mesh fence) is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized or LLDPE-coated steel wire. The wires run vertically and are bent into a zig-zag pattern so that each "zig" hooks with the wire immediately on one side and each "zag" with the wire immediately on the other. This forms the characteristic diamond pattern seen in this type of fence.
DJ POOH SAYS "WHERE MY EAST SIDE RIDERS AT, WHERE MY SOUTH SIDE RIDERS AT, WHERE MY EAST SIDE RIDERS AT, WHERE MY NORTH SIDE RIDERS AT" FOR THE HOOK OF THE POPULAR SONG
BIG BANG THEORY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory
Much of the series focuses on science, particularly physics. The four main male characters are employed at Caltech and have science-related occupations, as do Bernadette and Amy. The characters frequently banter about scientific theories or news (notably around the start of the show), and make science-related jokes.
SINGLE POINT PERS{ECTOVE IS HOW ONE IS TAUGHT HOW TO DRAW PERSPECTIVE AS A KID, USUALLY MAKING AN X/QUADRANT TO DRAW A ROAD WITH THE ONE VANISHING POINT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing_point
The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles:
Little Joe II – unmanned suborbital launch escape systemdevelopment.
FOUR SPACECRAFT IN TETRAHEDRAL ARRANGEMENT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission
The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) is a NASAunmanned space mission to study the Earth's magnetosphere, using four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation.[2] The spacecraft were launched on 13 March 2015 at 02:44 UTC.[3] It is designed to gather information about the microphysics of magnetic reconnection, energetic particle acceleration, and turbulence, processes that occur in many astrophysical plasmas.[4]
Four Apollo rocket assemblies, drawn to scale: Little Joe II, Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V.
TRANSCENDNET FOURTH THREE FOUR DYNAMIC TIC TAC TOE
http://mamabeefromthehive.blogspot.com/2012/01/4-square-tic-tac-toe.html
4 square tic tac toe
We've learned a new game at our house. It's 4-square tic tac toe. There's more strategy and planning than with regular tic tac toe and we are really into it.
Instead of working with a 3x3 grid, you have a 4x4. You are still using two players; X and O. Play is like regular tic tac toe except that players can win three ways: 4 corners, 4 in a square (anywhere on the board) or 4 in a row (vertical, horizontal, diagonal).
FOUR CARD TAROT AND THE FOUR THREE DYNAMIC
http://www.tarotteachings.com/four-card-reading.html
A four card reading in the Tarot will be used similarly as the three card readings. These are quick snapshots of understanding with a bit more details that three cards offer.
I use four card readings as an elaboration of a simple "yes" or "no" scenario. You'll see what I mean with the four card reading spreads I'm offering below as examples.
The number four has a very grounding effect, that why they are ideal for either/or type of questions.
If you're creating your own four card spreads, be sure you have a nice balancein your questions. Have a beginning card, a "yes" a "no" and a conclusion card.
These examples say it best:
Straight shooter:
The "You" position will (obviously) hold the card that represents you - your energy at the time of the reading.
The "Unknown" represents people, places or events in your life that you're either not aware of right now, or unwilling to face.
The "Known" represents the details you are aware of. This position is also a clue as to what you can reasonably deal with right now.
The "Action" card is an encouragement to do so (take action) after you have thoughtfully considered the "Knowns" and "Unknowns" in the reading.
Personal Perspective:
I use this four card reading when I need to get a clear, unbiased view about my behaviors or reactions about a specific current event in my life. The outcomes in this simple four card reading can be profoundly revealing.
This spread will clarify your motivations and offer a alternative motive if you discover you're being unreasonable.
The "Issue" card is at the heart of the matter you are dealing with right now.
The crossing card, "Will" is a beneficent card, representing your highest will or the best intention for your highest good.
The "Ego" card represent your ulterior motive. This card tells you if you're being unreasonable, acting out, or misbehaving - and it explains the underlying (usually ego-driven) reason for your reactions to the Issue identified in the card.
The "Alternative" offers an alternate route. This card will provide a solutionthat you haven't thought of, and encourage a different path than the (ego-driven) one.
https://bin.snmmd.nl/m/kuw7guh2wyxe.png/schermafbeelding-2017-07-03-om-11-10-19.png
To make your own kite, you will need two light sticks -bamboo works well- about 50 cm and 30 cm long, thin kite string, waxed kite paper (a newspaper or a plastic garbage bag wil work, too) and glue or duct tape.
Make a cross out of the two sticks. Set the short stick about one-third of the way down the long stick. Tie the sticks together and bind the four end of the sticks together with string. Carve a notch at each end and lead the string along it. Now you have a diamond-shaped frame.
Lay the frame down on the waxed paper (or newspaper or garbage bag) and cut out the kite, leaving extra space (about 2 cm) along the edges. Fold the edges over and glue them in place (use tape if you use a garbage bag).
Tie a piece of string to the four ends of the frame and hold them together. Lift the kite; keep it as horizontal as possible. Adjust the strings, making them shorter or longer if necessary, and knot them together. Then tie the long kite string at the point where the four strings come together.
For the tail, cut a piece of string about 4-5 times the length of the kite. Fold paper bows (about 5-10 cm wide and 20 cm long) lengthwise like an accordion. Knot the individual paper bows onto the tail a short distance from each other: toward the end of the tail make the distance greater and the bows narrower. Now you’re ready to fly your kite!
Text Caroline Buijs Illustration Kate Pugsley
Lines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_fencing
The means of referring to a position or area on a fencer’s body. The idea behind ‘lines’ is that the torso, as facing the viewer in ‘en garde’ is bisected both laterally and vertically. There are then four quadrants of the body. The quadrants which are above the lateral line are referred to as ‘high line,’ those below as ‘low line.’ The fencer's left-hand-side, referred to as chest, is the inside. The fencer's right-hand-side, referred to as flank, is the outside. The lower chest side quadrant is then referred to as 'inside low line.’ The common parries in foil and epée are: sixte (outside-high), quarte (inside-high), octave (outside-low), and septieme (inside-low). Angled (up-and-down) parries can also be used. In sabre, tierce replaces sixte to guard the inside-high line, quarte becomes more erect, seconde replace octave on the inside-low line, and prime replaces septieme. Quinte is used in sabre to protect the head.
SIMPLE RETICLES FOR GUNS ARE CROSS HAIRS, WHICH MAKE THE FORM OF CROSSES/QUADRANTS
There are many variations of reticles; this article concerns itself mainly with a simple reticle: crosshairs. Crosshairs are most commonly represented as intersecting lines in the shape of a cross, "+", though many variations exist, including dots, posts, circles, scales, chevrons, or a combination of these. Most commonly associated with telescopic sights for aiming firearms, crosshairs are also common in optical instruments used for astronomy and surveying, and are also popular in graphical user interfaces as a precision pointer. The reticle is said to have been invented by Robert Hooke, and dates to the 17th century.[1] Another candidate as inventor is the amateur astronomer William Gascoigne, who predated Hooke.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticle
A comparison of different reticles used in telescopic sights. The lower right represents a reticle found in the PSO-1 scope of a Russian SVD dedicated marksman rifle.
ARROW SLITS MAKE CROSS SHAPES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrowslit
In its simplest form, an arrowslit was a thin vertical opening; however, the different weapons used by defenders sometimes dictated the form of arrowslits. For example, openings for longbowmen were usually tall and high to allow the user to shoot standing up and make use of the 6 ft (1.8 m) bow, while those for crossbowmen were usually lower down as it was easier for the user to shoot whilst kneeling to support the weight of the weapon. It was common for arrowslits to widen to a triangle at the bottom, called a fishtail, to allow defenders a clearer view of the base of the wall.[2] Immediately behind the slit there was a recess called an embrasure; this allowed a defender to get close to the slit without being too cramped.[3] The width of the slit dictated the field of fire, but the field of vision could be enhanced by the addition of horizontal openings; they allowed defenders to view the target before it entered range.[2]
An arrowslit at White Castle, Wales.
Usually, the horizontal slits were level, which created a cross shape, but less common was to have the slits off-set (called displaced traverse slots) as demonstrated in the remains of White Castle in Wales. This has been characterised as an advance in design as it provided attackers with a smaller target;[4] however, it has also been suggested that it was to allow the defenders of White Castle to keep attackers in their sights for longer because of the steep moat surrounding the castle.
WORLD TRADE CENTER CROSS
The World Trade Center cross, also known as the Ground Zero cross, is a group of steel beams found among the debris of the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan, New York City, following the September 11 attacks in 2001. This set of beams is so named because it resembles the proportions of a Christian cross.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_cross
The Auschwitz cross is a cross erected near the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Carmelite nuns opened a convent near Auschwitz I in 1984. Edgar Bronfman, president of the World Jewish Congress called for the removal of the convent. Public statements from Theo Klein, president of the Council of Jews in France, Jewish activist Serge Klarsfeld, and Dr. Gerhard Riegner, representative of the World Jewish Congress, also demanded the removal of the convent. The American branch of the World Jewish Congress also protested with statements from chairman Rabbi Wolfe Kelman and the Orthodox faction representative Rabbi Zvi Zakheim. Representatives of the Catholic Church agreed in 1987. One year later the Carmelites erected the large cross ostensibly to commemorate Pope John Paul II's 1979 Mass on the grounds of the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) extermination camp for some 500,000 people.[1] the 1979 Mass near their site, just outside Block 11, a torture prison in Auschwitz I, visible from within the camp. The Catholic Church ordered the Carmelites to move by 1989. They remained until 1993; however, the cross was not removed.
An arrowslit at Corfe Castle. This shows the inside - where the archer would have stood.
The Cross after 9/11.
The Auschwitz Cross in June 2008, with Block 11 behind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiastic_structure
CHIASTIC IS CROSS
Chiastic structures also appear in Ancient Greek sculpture. The contrapposto technique of sculpture in Ancient Greek sculpture often lead to this Chiastic structure, such as in the Diadumenos of Polykleitos.
THE FOUR TYPES OF LOCUSTS IN JOEL 1:4
http://biblehub.com/commentaries/joel/1-4.htm
The four names, palmerworm, locust, cankerworm, caterpiller, indicate different swarms of the insect. The first—Gazam—points to its voracity; the second—Arbeh—its multitude; the third—Yelek—its manner of “licking up” the grass like cattle; the fourth—Chasil—its destructive effect. The number enumerated, four, draws attention to the “four sore judgments” with which Ezekiel was instructed to threaten Jerusalem, and to the four foreign invasions by the Assyrians, Chaldæans, Macedonians, and Romans.
FOUR TYPES OF LOCUSTS CORRESPONDING TO THE FOUR CHIEF PASSIONS AND THE FOUR INVASIONS
http://biblehub.com/commentaries/joel/1-4.htm
But the characteristic of "this" prophecy is the successiveness of the judgments, each in itself, desolating, and the later following quick upon the earlier, and completing their destructiveness. The judgments of God are linked together by an invisible chain, each drawing on the other; yet, at each link of the lengthening chain, allowing space and time for repentance to break it through. So in the plagues of Egypt, God, "executing His judgments upon them by little and little, gave them time for repentance" (Wisd. 12:10); yet, when Pharaoh hardened his heart, each followed on the other, until he perished in the Red Sea. In like way God said, "him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay; and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay" 1 Kings 19:17. So, in the Revelation, the "trumpets" are sounded Revelation 8:1-13; Revelation 9; Revelation 11:15, and "the vials of the wrath of God are poured out upon the earth, one after the other" Revelation 16. Actual locusts were very likely one of the scourges intended by the prophet. They certainly were not the whole; but pictured others fiercer, more desolating, more overwhelming. The proverbial dress gained and fixed people's attention on the truth, which, if it had been presented to the people nakedly, they might have turned from. Yet as, in God's wisdom, what is said generally, is often fulfilled specially, so here there were four great invaders which in succession wasted Judah; the Assyrian, Chaldaean, Macedonian and Roman.
Morally, also, four chief passions desolate successively the human heart. : "For what is designated by the "palmerworm," which creeps with all its body on the ground, except it be lust, which so pollutes the heart which it possesses, that it cannot rise up to the love of heavenly purity? What is expressed by the "locust," which flies by leaps, except vain glory which exalts itself with empty presumptions? What is typified by the "cankerworm," almost the whole of whose body is gathered into its belly, except gluttony in eating? What but anger is indicated by mildew, which burns as it touches? What the "palmerworm" then "hath left the locust heath eaten," because, when the sin of lust has retired from the mind, vain glory often succeeds. For since it is not now subdued by the love of the flesh, it boasts of itself, as if it were holy through its chastity. "And that which the locust hath left, the cankerworm hath eaten," because when vain glory, which came, as it were, from holiness, is resisted, either the appetite, or some ambitious desires are indulged in too immoderately. For the mind which knows not God, is led the more fiercely to any object of ambition, in proportion as it is not restrained by any love of human praise. "That which the cankerworm hath left," the mildew consumes, because when the gluttony of the belly is restrained by abstinence, the impatience of anger holds fiercer sway, which, like mildew, eats up the harvest by burning it, because the flame of impatience withers the fruit of virtue. When then some vices succeed to others, one plague devours the field of the mind, while another leaves it."
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4. This verse states the subject on which he afterwards expands. Four species or stages of locusts, rather than four different insects, are meant (compare Le 11:22). Literally, (1) the gnawing locust; (2) the swarming locust; (3) the licking locust; (4) the consuming locust; forming a climax to the most destructive kind. The last is often three inches long, and the two antennæ, each an inch long. The two hinder of its six feet are larger than the rest, adapting it for leaping. The first "kind" is that of the locust, having just emerged from the egg in spring, and without wings. The second is when at the end of spring, still in their first skin, the locusts put forth little ones without legs or wings. The third, when after their third casting of the old skin, they get small wings, which enable them to leap the better, but not to fly. Being unable to go away till their wings are matured, they devour all before them, grass, shrubs, and bark of trees: translated "rough caterpillars" (Jer 51:27). The fourth kind, the matured winged locusts (see on [1129]Na 3:16). In Joe 2:25 they are enumerated in the reverse order, where the restoration of the devastations caused by them is promised. The Hebrews make the first species refer to Assyria and Babylon; the second species, to Medo-Persia; the third, to Greco-Macedonia and Antiochus Epiphanes; the fourth, to the Romans. Though the primary reference be to literal locusts, the Holy Spirit doubtless had in view the successive empires which assailed Judea, each worse than its predecessor, Rome being the climax.
IXCUINA QUADRIPARTITE GODDESS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlazolteotl
In Aztec mythology, Tlazolteotl (or Tlaçolteotl, Nahuatl Tlazōlteōtl Nahuatl pronunciation: [tɬaso:ɬˈteo:tɬ]) is a goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, filth, and a patroness of adulterers. In Nahuatl, the word tlazōlli can refer to vice and diseases. Thus, Tlazolteotl was a goddess of filth (sin), vice, and sexual misdeeds. However, she was a purification goddess as well, who forgave sins and cured diseases caused by misdeeds, particularly sexual misdeeds.[1] Her dual nature is seen in her epithets; Tlahēlcuāni ('she who eats "tlahēlli" or filthy excrescence [sin]') and Tlazōlmiquiztli ('the death caused by lust'), and Ixcuina or Ixcuinan (Huastec 'Ix Cuinim', Goddess of Cotton).[2][3][4] Under the designation of Ixcuinan she was thought to be quadripartite, composed of four sisters of different ages known by the names Tiyacapan (the first born), Tēicuih (the younger sister, also Tēiuc), Tlahco (the middle sister, also Tlahcoyēhua) and Xōcotzin (the youngest sister). When conceived of as four individual goddesses, they were called ixcuinammeh or tlazōltēteoh.[3][4]
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOUR TO THE AZTECS "FOUR IS EVERYTHING"
THE MUHAMMAD SQUARE KUFIC SHOWS A SWASTIKA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kufic_Muhammad.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufic
Another example of geometric or square Kufic script, showing four instances of the name Muhammad; often used as a tilework pattern in Islamic architecture
PROCLUS ON THE MISSING FOURTH IN THE TIMAEUS PLATO
SYRIANUS ON THE THREE FOUR DYNAMIC IN PLATOS TIMEAUS AND HOW THE TETRAD AND THE MONAD ARE SIMILAR
FOUR SOURCES ON SOCRATES LIFE LIKE FOUR GOSPELS OF JESUS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_problem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_problem
Socrates was the main character in most of Plato's dialogues and was a genuine historical figure. It is widely understood that in later dialogues Plato used the character Socrates to give voice to views that were his own. Besides Plato, three other important sources exist for the study of Socrates: Aristophanes, Aristotle, and Xenophon. Since no extensive writings of Socrates himself survive to the modern era, his actual views must be discerned from the sometimes contradictory reports of these four sources. The main sources for the historical Socrates are the Sokratikoi logoi, or Socratic dialogues, which are reports of conversations apparently involving Socrates.[4] Most information is found in the works of Plato and Xenophon.[5][6]
There are also four sources extant in fragmentary states: Aeschines, Antisthenes, Euclid of Megara, and Phaedo of Elis.[7] In addition, there are two fragments by Timon of Phlius,[8] who wrote in order to lampoon philosophy.[9][10] There is also Aristophanes's play The Clouds, which humorously attacks Socrates.[11]
Four suggested solutions elucidated by Nails, and given early in the history of the problem, and still relevant currently, are:[49]
(1) Socrates is the individual whose qualities exhibited in Plato's writings are corroborated by Aristophanes and Xenophon.
(2) Socrates is he who claims to possess no wisdom but still participates in exercises with the aim of gaining understanding.
(3) Socrates is the Socrates who appears in Plato's earliest dialogues.
(4) The real Socrates is the one who turns from a pre-Socratic interest in nature to ethics, instead.
THE PROPHET OF THE SENECA AND THE THREE ANGELS AND THE MISSING FOURTH ANGEL AND THE FOUR WORDS AND THE FOUR RITUALS BROUGHT
After about half an hour his breathing began again and the warm spot spread and after two hours he opened his eyes and began to speak. He described his vision.
Handsome Lake had heard his name called and left the house. Outside he saw three middle-aged men dressed in fine ceremonial clothes with red paint on their faces and feathers in their bonnets, carrying bows and arrows in one hand and huckleberry bushes in the other. Handsome Lake collapsed from weakness, but the angelic messengers caught him and told him they were sent by the Creator. He was told to join his kinfolk the next day at the Strawberry Festival and tell them how things should be on earth. He was told the Strawberry Festival should always be held. The message to his people was "four words" concerning the evil practices of men about whom the Creator was sad and angry. The words are Whiskey, Witchcraft, Love magic and Medicine that kills unborn babies. People were told to repent and never sin again. Handsome Lake was charged with getting drunk and told to never drink again. The messengers left but promised to return.
Handsome Lake continued to be in poor health. He told Cornplanter the three angelic messengers mentioned a fourth that would visit him. During the night of August 7 he dreamed the fourth angel was coming to take him on a .journey. The next morning he put on his best clothes and told his brother not to prepare him for burial even if he appeared to be dead. That evening he fell into a sleep that lasted about seven hours. His body was again cool and his breathing slight. This second vision, called the sky journey, was led by a guide in sky blue clothes. He and the three angels were standing on earth with Handsome Lake viewing a series of scenes while the guide made moral comments. When they met Jesus bearing the nail scars on his hands and feet, Jesus said that his people had slain him in their pride and that he would not return to help them "until the earth passes away." On the second part of the journey they saw human souls being directed onto the narrow road to heaven and the wide road to hell. It was mostly children that went to heaven. The third part was a tour of hell where they saw the nature and punishment of evil with its sadistic torments to fit the crimes of the prisoners. They then visited the lands of Gaiwiio and Handsome Lake saw his niece and his son and grandson. The guide then admonished him to help his people because the Great Spirit sees all things and , they needed to mend their ways.
Finally, the Gaiwiio comprehensively scrutinized social relations - much was in need of reform whilst some longstanding practices were to be abandoned. Gaiwiio identified "four evil words": Whisky/rum, witchcraft, witchpoison, and abortion (sterilization) - these were to be abandoned. Sexual promiscuity must cease also, along with abuse of one another; for example, the husband's abuse of his wife, and child abuse. The importance of living in communities is stressed along with sharing, care of the elderly, of orphans, and of the poor. Gaiwiio did not embody the wholesale revival of traditional culture, but it did signify an affirmation and rebuilding of much of it.
Handsome Lake added to the festival four sacred rituals: the Thanksgiving or Drum Dance, the Feather Dance, the Personal Chant, and the Bowl Game (also called the Peach Stone Game). Another important event at this festival of renewal, and practiced until 1885, was the Burning of the White Dog, symbolizing the purification of the whole community.
THE PROPHET OF THE SENECA HANDSOME LAKE HAD A VISION OF FOUR BEINGS- BUT THERE WERE THREE BEINGS HE SAW AND THEY SAID "THE FOURTH IS NOT WITH US NOW"- LATER HANDSOME LAKE MEETS THE FOURTH AND HE IS GIVEN A TOUR OF THE HEAVENS BY THE TRANSCENDENT FOURTH BEING
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
THE MESSAGE OF THE FOUR llEINGS
" Now the messengers spoke to me and said that they would now
tell me how things ought to be upon the eartli. The^' said: 'Do
not allow any one to say that you have had great fortune in being
able to rise again. The favor of the four beings is not alone for
you and the Creator is willing to helji all mankind."
" Now on that same day the Great Feather- and the Harvest
dances were to be celebrated and at this time the beings told me
that my. relatives would restore me. ' Your feelings and spirits
are low,' they said, " and nuist Ije aroused. Then will you
obtain power to reco\'er.' X'erily the servants of the Creator
( Hadio"ya''geono" ) said this. Now moreover they com nanded
that henceforth dances of this same kind should be held and thanks-
giving offered whenever the strawberries were ripe. Furthermore
they said that the juice of the berry must be drunk by the children
and the aged and all the people. I'ruly all must drink of the berry
juice, for they said that the sweet water of the berries was a
medicine and that the early strawberries were a great medicine.
So they bade me tell this story to my people when I move upon the
earth again. Now thev said, ' We shall continually reveal things
unto you. We, the servants of him who made us, say that as he
employed us to co.re unto }'ou to reveal his will, so you must carry
it to your people. Now we are thev whom he created when he made
the world and our duty is to watch over and care for mankind.
Now there are four of us but the fourth is not here present. When
we called vou bv name and vou heard, he returned to tell the news.
THE THREE BEINGS TELL HANDSOME LAKE THAT HE WILL SEE THE FOURTH BEING AT ANOTHER TIME
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
^ The earliest of the wild strawl)erries are thouglit to he of great medicinal
value and are eagerly eaten as soon as ripe. So sacred a plant is the
strawberry that it is thought to grow along the " heaven road." \ person
recovering from a severe illness says, " I almost ate strawl)erries."
2 The Osto'wa'go'wa, the chief religious dance. See Morgan, p. 279.
26 NKVV YORK STATE MUSEUM
'J1iis will bring joy into the hcavcn-world of our Creator. So it
is that the fourth is not with us hut you shall see him at another
time and when that time is at hand you shall know. Xow further-
more we must remind you of the evil things that you have done
and you nuist repent of all things that you believe to have been
evil. You think that you ha\e done wrong beeause of O'gi'we.
Ye'onda'tha and Gone'owo"^ and because you partook of strong
drink. N'erily you must do as you think for whatsoever you think
is evil is evil." "
THE FOUR BEINGS TELL THE SENECA PROPHET THAT FOUR DANCES ARE SANCTIONED TO THE FOUR SOCIEITES OF THE SENECA
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
There were four societies, having as their genii the spirits of the bear, the
birds (eagle), the buffalo and the otter, respectively, and taking their names
from their guardian animal (Secret Medicine Societies of the Seneca,
P- 113).
- This was done at the suggestion of Cornplantcr who is accused of cn~
dcavoring to upset the plans and prophecies of Handsome Lake in many
sly ways.
THE CODE OF HANDSOME LAKE . 4I
are amusements devised in the heaven world, the Osto'wago'vva,^
Gone'owo"', Ado"'we° and Ganawe"'go\va.' "
So they said and he said. Eniaiehuk.
SECTION 31 ■ "i : ?~^;
" ' Now another message to tell your people.
" ' The Creator has sanctioned four dances for producing a joy-
ful spirit and he has placed them in the keeping of Honon'diont-
who have authority over them. The Creator has ordered that on
certain times and occasions there should be thanksgiving ceremonies.
At such times all must thank the Creator that they live. After that,
let the chiefs thank him for the ground and the things on the
ground and then upward to the sky and the heaven-world
where he is. Let the children and old folk come and give
thanks. Let the old women who can scarcely walk come.
They may lean against the middle benches and after listen-
ing to three or four songs must say, " I thank the Great Ruler that
I have seen this day." Then will the Creator call them right be-
fore him.
" ' It seems that you have never known that when Osto'wago'wa
was being celebrated that one of the four beings was in the midst
of it, but it is so. Now when the time for dancing comes you must
wash your faces and comb your hair, paint your face with red spots
on either cheek, and with a thankful heart go to the ceremony. This
preparation will be sufficient, therefore, do not let your style of
dress hold you back.
THE THREE MESSENGERS TELL HANDSOME LAKE THAT THEY WILL LEAVE BUT THAT THE TRANSCENDENT FOURTH WILL COME- HANDSOME LAKE SEES THE FOUR TRACKS OF HUMANITY
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
" ' Now it is the time for our departure. We shall now go on a
journev and then you shall see the coming of the fourth messenger,
the journey of our friends and the works of the living of earth.
More, you will see the house of the punisher and the lands of our
Creator." "' .
So they said. Eniaiehuk.
SECTION 83
" ' Now another message.
" Suddenlv as they looked, a road slowly descended from the
south sky' and came to where they were standing. Now thereon
he saw the four tracks of the human race going in one direction.
The footprints were all of different sizes from small to great. Now
moreover a more brilliant light than the light of earth appeared."
THE FOUR MESSENGERS GIVE HANDSOME LAKE A VISION WHERE THERE IS FOUR PEOPLE AND THE FOURTH IS LEADING THEM ALL THE TRANSCENDENT FOURTH
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
" So then they proceeded on their journey and had gone but a
short way when they saw someone coming toward them and it was
not long before they met. Then he saw it was a dog and when they
met, the dog began to wag its tail and sprang upon him. Then he
recognized the animal as his own dog and it appeared just as it had
when he had decorated it for the sacrifice in tlie Madidji'yontwCis
[New Year's ceremony]. Then said the four, ' Tliis thing attests to
the value of our thankotiering to the Creator.' "^
So they said. Eniaiehuk.
SECTION 115
" So they took up their journey again and in a short time came
to a halt. In the distance before them a man appeared to Ijc coming
and soon he came nearer. Then he saw that the man was guiding
two others, one on either side of him. Now as he looked he saw
that one was the daughter of (iaiant'waka and it appeared that she
was a large child. With her was his ( ( lanio'dai'io" ) own son, an
infant, and they greeted one another, the son and the daughter.
Now one could see that they were not strangers for they were
friendly. Now moreover a fourth person was leading them all."
Eniaiehuk.
HANDSOME LAKE PERPETUATES THE FOUR SACRED CEREMONIES- A LONG TIME AGO I WENT THROUGH ALL OF THE AMERINIDAN MYTHOLOGIES AND RITUALS AND SHOWED EXAMPLES OF TRIBES THAT WOULD DO THINGS IN THREES BUT THEN THEY WOULD HAVE A TRANSCENDENT FOURTH LIKE THEY WOULD MAKE THREE BREATHS BUT A FEW OF THE MEMBERS OF THE TRIBE WOULD DO THE FOURTH- I FORGOT A LOT OF IT NOW HTOUGH ID HAVE TO GO BACK ON THE INTERNET STUFF I POSTED HOPEFULLY TO FIND IT
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
Now you did design all that which should occur in the world.
And planned the four sacred ceremonies
That should be perpetuated forever
And celebrated by the people each year.
Be celebrated by these who call themselves your descendants ;
Hiat there should be head ones and their assistants
To perpetuate the four ceremonies.
Now as many men-beings as remain on earth are here,
Gathered about this pole.
Now then you have seen that we commenced at the new part of
THE CREATOR GIVES THE SENECA THE FOUR SACRED CEREMONIES
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
It is the Gai'wiio', the good word of our Creator. Our Creator
thought that the people should hear what was in his mind. So he
sent word down to the earth. He thought that the people should
know what his words were. Now this should lift up your minds.
So now then another.
It is the four geniewage [ceremonies]. Now this should lift up
your minds.
[If the dead person is a chief tiie preacher here ceases to give
the chief on the mourning side an opportunity to reply. The reply
is as follows] :
Cousin ! I have heard all that you have laid before us — how we
should keep our minds. We have commenced from the beginning
of the world when the Creator made us. " We have thought of the
water, the springs and the streams of water. We have thought of
the sky and everything therein, the sun and the moon, the words of
our Creator and the four ceremonies. These things you have
pointed out. Oh Cousin ! These things will lift up our minds.
Now, Cousin, you should know that we accept all that you have
said. We can not say that we do not accept what you have said.
Now we put all of your words together ; we accept them all. So is
the reply,
[The preacher then arises and continues] :
So now again listen, all of you !
SENECA RITUAL DIVIDED INTO FOUR SECTIONS
https://archive.org/stream/codeofhandsomela02hand/codeofhandsomela02hand_djvu.txt
The ritual of thib socict}' consists of ioj songs, divided into four
sections, as follows: The tirst section, 13 songs; the second, 23
songs; the third, 30 songs, and the fourth, 34 songs. Tlie order of
the ceremony is somewhat like that of the Medicine Company. All
the songs are sung in darkness. It is beliexed that the spirit mem-
bers of the society come and join in the singing, and their xoices
are thought to be audible at times.
PINK FLOYD AND THE FOUR ELEMENTS
The burning man picture is based on the phrase “getting burned.” The four elements (earth, air, fire, and water) and a theme of absence permiate the cover art. The burning man-fire. The diver on the postcard-water. The inner sleeve with the picture of a red veil blowing in the breeze-air. The faceless faceless salesman in the sand-earth.
On the original release the album was covered with a black (U.K) or blue (U.S.) shrink wrap so that you could not see the album cover-a form of absence. On the shrink wrap, a round mechanical handshake sticker was atached. The mechanical handshake traverses a circle divided into four quadrants consisting of the four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. The elements are mystical and alchemical references that reflect different aspects of Pink Floyd’s music. The four elements also refer to the four band members, and the four faces of the package.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Four
"Free Four" is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd, written by Roger Waters and released on the band's 1972 album Obscured by Clouds.[1][2]
The song begins with a rock and roll count-in, but in this case Pink Floyd decided to play with words and record, "One, Two, FREE FOUR!" The song deals with reflection of one's life, the "evils" of the record industry, and also makes a reference to Roger Waters' father who was killed in World War 2.[3] The music begins in an upbeat manner, while the lyrics tell a very cynical and somewhat depressing story. "Free Four" was released as a single in the U.S. in 1972 but did not chart.
FOUR SYMBOLS LED ZEPPELIN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoso-square-layout.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_IV
After the band's previous album Led Zeppelin III received lukewarm reviews from critics, Page decided their fourth album would officially be untitled. This, along with the inner sleeve's design featuring four symbols that represented each band member, led to the album being referred to variously as the Four Symbols logo, Four Symbols, The Fourth Album, Untitled, Runes, The Hermit, and ZoSo (which was derived from Page's symbol).[2] In addition to lacking an album title, the cover featured no band name, as the group wished to be anonymous and to avoid easy pigeonholing by the press.[3]
After the lukewarm, if not confused and sometimes dismissive, critical reaction Led Zeppelin III had received in late 1970, Page decided that the next Led Zeppelin album would not have a title, but would instead feature four hand-drawn symbols on the inner sleeve and record label, each one chosen by the band member it represents.[8] "We decided that on the fourth album, we would deliberately play down the group name, and there wouldn't be any information whatsoever on the outer jacket," Page explained. "Names, titles and things like that do not mean a thing."[10]
Releasing the album without an official title has made it difficult to consistently identify. While most commonly called Led Zeppelin IV, Atlantic Records catalogues have used the names Four Symbols and The Fourth Album. It has also been referred to as ZoSo (which Page's symbol appears to spell), Untitled and Runes.[9] Page frequently refers to the album in interviews as "the fourth album" and "Led Zeppelin IV",[11][13][14] and Plant thinks of it as "the fourth album, that's it".[15] Not only does the album have no title, but there is no text anywhere on the front or back cover, or even a catalogue number on the spine (at least, on the original vinyl LP release).
The idea for each member of the band to choose a personal emblem for the cover was Page's.[11] In an interview he gave in 1977, he recalled:
After all this crap that we'd had with the critics, I put it to everybody else that it'd be a good idea to put out something totally anonymous. At first I wanted just one symbol on it, but then it was decided that since it was our fourth album and there were four of us, we could each choose our own symbol. I designed mine and everyone else had their own reasons for using the symbols that they used.[11]
The four symbols representing (from left to right);
at the top; Page, Jones
at the bottom; Bonham and Plant
The Mechanical Shaking Hands
Quadrant Element Picture Colour
I. Fire Yellow - Pink - Red Red
II. Air clouds, sun Blue
III. Water sea Green !
IV. Earth desert Yellow
Wish You Were Here Cover
-
Fire (obvious)
-
Air (in a quartershape)
-
Ground (in quartershape)
-
Water (the drain)
Note that the elements do not get an equal part here.
P.u.l.s.e. Cover
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Water (sea) : blue (green)
-
Land (desert) : yellow
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Air? (birds) + Water! : blue
-
Water + Ground : blue (yellow)
It isn't very obvious here, but perhaps this means something too.
P.u.l.s.e. Cardboard
With the Pulse CD there is a small cardboard with the track numbers, names and duration. These words are also coloured in the four associated colours.
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I. SOYCD - Keep Talking : blue
-
II. ComingBTL - Brick pt.2 : red
-
III. Speak to Me - Any Colour You Like : yellow
-
IV. Brain Damage - Run Like Hell : green
-
-
Justin Bieber – Purpose (2015)
-
An alternative cover was reportedly created by Justin Bieber's team for his Purpose album after several Muslim nations across the Middle East, North Africaas well as Indonesia, took issue with Bieber being shirtless in the original artwork and flaunting his cross tattoo, promoting Christianity.[54]
-
-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose_(Justin_Bieber_album)
THE CROSS ON JUSTIN BIEBERS ALBUM COVER TATTOO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose_(Justin_Bieber_album)
According to Bieber, he chose the album's title because he felt like he lost his purpose and felt that he finally got his purpose back. He continued: "'The word ['purpose'] is so important in life... My purpose is to inspire people and use my platform to help people'."[57] As noted by MTV News' Patrick Hosken, in the album's cover, "Bieber is shirtless and assuming a very dignified stance, hands meeting in a prayer-like pose, head looking down at what lies at his torso: the word 'Purpose,' written in the same script we first saw [the] week when he unveiled the title."[58] The cover also has a symbol, which "resembl[es] an asymmetrical cross with a small circle attached covering the entire background and painted on his torso." The deluxe edition uses the same cover, only the background & crosses are tinted in black.[59] Purpose was initially banned in various Middle Eastern countries and Indonesia due to the cover art's heavy Christian references, most prominently Bieber's cross tattoo and his praying stance, which were deemed "too provocative".[60] An alternate cover was issued for these countries, depicting Bieber atop of a cliff, looking out over a shore.[59]
The alternative cover was reportedly created by Bieber's team after several Muslim nations across the Middle East, as well as Indonesia, took issue with Bieber being shirtless in the artwork and flaunting his cross tattoo, promoting Christianity
https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/four-degrees-of-separation/
Four Degrees of Separation
BY ANAHAD O'CONNOR NOVEMBER 22, 2011 11:08 AM November 22, 2011 11:08 am 20
Perhaps the saying should be four degrees of separation, rather than six?
Using data on the links among 721 million Facebook users, a team of scientists discovered that the average number of acquaintances separating any two people in the United States was 4.37, and that the number separating any two people in the world was 4.74. As John Markoff and Somini Sengupta report in today’s New York Times, the findings highlight the growing power of the emerging science of social networks:
The original “six degrees” finding, published in 1967 by the psychologist Stanley Milgram, was drawn from 296 volunteers who were asked to send a message by postcard, through friends and then friends of friends, to a specific person in a Boston suburb.
The new research used a slightly bigger cohort: 721 million Facebook users, more than one-tenth of the world’s population. The findings were posted on Facebook’s site Monday night.…
“When considering even the most distant Facebook user in the Siberian tundra or the Peruvian rain forest,” the company wrote on its blog, “a friend of your friend probably knows a friend of their friend.” The caveat there is “Facebook user” — like the Milgram study, the cohort was a self-selected group, in this case people with online access who use a particular Web site.
How many people around the world are you connected to through your Facebook account? And how many of your Facebook “friends” are actual friends, or simply “buddies”? To learn more about the research and its implications for social networks, read the full report, “Separating You and Me? 4.74 Degrees,” and then please join the discussion below.
I WATCHED A TEACHING COMPANY COURSE ON ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE GREAT APES AND THE WHOLE COURSE DIVIDED THE GREAT APES INTO FOUR GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT BEHAVIORAL QUALITIES THE BONOBO THE CHIMPANZEE THE ORANGATAN AND THE GORILLA AND THE WHOLE COURSE WAS A COMPARE AND CONTRAST BETWEEN THE FOUR TYPES OF GREAT APE THAT DISPLAY DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR
Evolutionary biologists find genetic evidence suggesting that humans evolved from a common ancestor as the great apes. The great apes fit the quadrant model pattern. Anthropologists believe human behavior can be better understood when compared with the behavior of their closest genetic relatives. Evolutionary biologists point out that humans and chimpanzees share over 97 percent DNA. The great apes fit the quadrant model pattern is as follows:
*Square one: Orangutangs--are like the Idealists of the great apes. They are the first square. Very solitary and seemingly wise, they are very territorial and insistent upon finding mates and reproducing their genes. Orangutangs are conservative and weird like the idealist.
*Square two: Gorillas--the second square, which is strong and concerned with homeostasis. The second square is always more hierarchical and orderly. The alpha male gets access to most of the females. If a lesser male cheats with a female belonging to the alpha male he is killed by that alpha. The amount of genetic diversity in one Gorilla group is more than the genetic diversity of all humans though interestingly.
*Square three: Chimpanzees—the violent doers. The third square is the doing square; the chimp has a better working memory than a human. They fabricate tools for foraging and fighting; they are extremely violent, and amazingly strong. The strength of an average chimpanzee is apparently more than four times that of an average human. Chimpanzee tribes go to war with other chimpanzee tribes to protect their territories. Chimpanzees tend to know their own babies, and are violently protective of them. They have been known to kidnap and kill human babies. There is speculation that this occurs as an expression of their territorial protectiveness. The third square is related to violence and physicality.
*Square four. Bonobos--different from chimps in that they are very peaceful. The fourth square does not seem to belong. Evolutionary biologists explain the peacefulness of bonobos through genetic Darwinism. Bonobos are very promiscuous. As a result male bonobos do not know their own children, which allows them not to fight to protect their genetic lines. Also because of their promiscuous homosexual behavior they seem to develop a stronger affection for one another. The fourth square is always different from the previous three; bonobos are different from the previous three great apes. The great apes fit the quadrant model pattern, and illuminate how the concepts of genetic Darwinism can help to explain chimp behavior.
In Hinduism, life is divided into four stages based on the quadrant model pattern. Treatment of children has varied over time and place. Evolutionary biologists claim that early strategy was to have large families in the hope that a few could survive and reproduce. Current strategies, especially among wealthier societies, allow for fewer and healthier children who can be treated well. Impoverished people tend to have more children, and invest fewer resources in them. The four Hindu life stages are
*Square one: Brachmachyra--the celibate student. This is the period of formal education lasting until the age of 25. The first square, the mental square is the Idealist. This is the student.
*Square two: Grihasta--the married family man. The second square is the Guardian. It is concerned with family, relationships and being dutiful.
*Square three: Vanaprashta--the hermit in retreat. A hermit is an individual, and is related to the Artisan. The third square moves from the second square, which
is focused on the group and belonging, and on the individual who is concerned with the physical and doing--the man is free to have little contact with his family.
*Square four: Sannyasa--the wandering recluse. The fourth stage is the Rational who is reclusive. At this stage the man is supposed to be devoted totally to God; the fourth square is connected to the transcendent and divine.
REALLY THE HINDU CASTE SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED AS A FOUR CASTE SYSTEM. AGAIN IT IS LIKE THE FOUR ELEMENTS THE FIRST FOUR ARE CONNECTED AND INTERACT. BUT THE FIFTH THE UNTOUCHABLES ARE LIKE THE AETHER THEY ARE SO DIFFERENT THEY ARENT EVEN INCLUDED IN "THE FOUR CASTE SYSTEM OF INDIA" THEY DON'T EVEN ASSOCIATE AT ALL WITH THE FOUR CASTES LIKE THE AETHER IS ULTRA TRANSCENDENT ACCORDING TO EMPEDOCLES AND ARISTOTLE AND DOES NOT EVEN AFFILIATE WITH THE FIRST FOUR. BUT LIKE ARISTOTLE AND EMPEDOCLES SAY THE FIRST THREE CASTES ARE SIMILAR AND THE FOURTH IS DIFFERENT AND TRANSCENDENT, SO TOO IT IS THE SAME WITH THE FOUR CASTES WHERE THE FIRST FOUR CASTES ARE SEEN AS HIGHER AND RELATED WHERE AS THE FOURTH IS SEEN AS TRANSCENDENT AND DIFFERENT
Physical differences between populations fit the quadrant model. Ethnicity in physical differences is linked with genetic ties. According to a famous American-Asian female sociologist race is constructed along two dichotomies. One dichotomy is between insiders and outsiders, the other between superior and inferior. This yields four races. She focuses on Asians, Caucasians and Africans, but fails to talk about the fourth race, Brown people. Brown people often consider themselves to be Caucasian. The second square is Caucasian. The fourth square is Brown. The second square is the word; the fourth square is the true word. So Caucasians could be described as whites, and browns as true whites.
Calling brown people true whites does not imply that they are better. Brown people are stereotypically philosophical, which is related to the fourth square. In a court case during the time of racial segregation, an Indian man argued that he was Caucasian and should not be discriminated against as different from Caucasians. The case decided that he may be Caucasian according to the definition, but "everybody knows that Indians are not white” according to the judge..
*Square one: Asians--outsiders and superior. These are the Idealists. Being an outsider is related to being abstract. Being superior is related to being cooperative. Asians are stereotypically abstract. Like Idealists, Asians are associated with being meditative. Religions in Asia, like Buddhism, are often linked to imagery of people meditating under trees or in temples. Idealists have a strong connection with nature--Asians are stereotypically into nature. Mathematicians suggest that the stereotype of Asians being good at math has never been true. Asians are considered intelligent, but not the most logical; they do have interesting mathematical drawings from ancient asia. Painting is the first square mode of art, and is associated with being abstract. Asians certainly have confidence in their academic abilities, and hold academics in high esteem. Superiority is related to being cooperative, andhardworking. Superior people make more money. Asians are stereotypically hardworking and typically wealthy. Asians are known for what has been called the four great inventions:
square 1: the compass
square 2: gunpowder
square 3: paper making
square 4: printing.
It has been thought that they could have been the first to discover the American continent, but did not seek to occupy it, possibility because of continuing problems with political unrest at home. They are more isolationist which is related to the idealist.
*Square two: Caucasians--insiders and superior. This is associated with the Guardian who is concrete and cooperative. Caucasians are stereotypically not extremely deep thinking: there is the stereotype of the dumb blonde. People who are not abstract are concrete, and concrete people are insiders. Asians are stereotypically weird, whereas Caucasians are stereotypically normal and more grounded, tending to move in normal and attractive ways. Caucasians are considered to be the most attractive, and is concerned with homeostasis. Caucasians are stereotypically involved in professions that maintain order, like police officers, politics, or management, which provide a sense of superiority. is associated with being cooperative. Many of humanity's great discoveries were made by Caucasians, many of them Jews--not brown sephardic, but white ashkenazi Jews. Caucasians, behind Asians, do the best in academics. Studies show that Caucasians experience the most discrimination, perhaps due to affirmative action. They have been superior as conquerers throughout the world.
*Square three: Africans. Black people are insiders and inferior. This relates the the Artisan temperament which is concrete and utilitarian. Insider is associated with being concrete, not abstract. They are more into facts, details, and physical data, so they are not weird like abstract people, who are into principals and patterns. Black people are good at sports and good with their bodies. The third square is the doing, body square. Also black people tend to be more rational, and are associated with being religious but also questioning religion. They are more likely to hold religious views contrary to the normative. This is related to the third quadrant, which is thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming. Black people are dreamers stereotypically. They often break out of
the norms, starting new “insider” trends in music, fashion, sports, and lifestyles., doing what works as opposed to what is socially sanctioned--like the Artisan. This is associated with the spontaneity of the third square. Black people are associated with “bad”, the third square. Caucasians are more moral, which is the second square.
*Square four: Brown people--outsiders and inferior. This is associated with the Rational personality type, who is abstract and utilitarian. Brown people often are said to be not good at anything. They are stereotypically philosophical (like Hindu Indians), which is the fourth square field of inquiry. Philosophers are seen as useless. Outsider is related with being abstract. Brown people are stereotypically philosophical and abstract thinkers, often interested in deep ideas. Inferior is associated with being utilitarian, unique and willing to do what works as opposed to what fits the social norms. They are thought to be family oriented, but statistics show that they often cheat on their spouses and have babies out of wedlock, are on welfare and irresponsible in other ways, hence “inferiors”.
Hopefully soon I can get you all teaching company dvds where I heard the professors specifically say there are four world civilizations the fourth is seen as different and there is no fifth. I learned this at UCSD I heard it many times
Anthropologists claim that there were four original civilizations out of which civilization emerged. These civilizations had a system of writing. Anthropologists claim that the Mesoamerican societies were not civilizations because they did not have a writing system. But they are a possible fifth original civilization. The great original civilizations grew around great rivers, a constant source of sustenance enabling a civilization to emerge and become self-sustaining. The four great original civilizations fulfill the pattern.
*Square one: the Mesopotamians, the first square. They were more intellectual and more related to science. The first square is associated with the mind.
*Square two: the Egyptians, the second square. The egyptians were very religious; the second square is associated with religion. The Egyptian society was so shaped by concern with the afterlife that the pharaohs built huge pyramids to preserve their bodies. The pharaohs thought that if their mummies were preserved, they had a place in the afterlife. Also, some would argue, the pyramids were built only to demonstrate the prestige and power of the Pharaoh and his family lineage.
*Square three: China. Chinese civilization was extremely violent, constantly at war with one another. The Chinese did not invent guns, but did invent gunpowder. As doers they also made other important inventions. This makes this civilization like the thinking, emotion, doing, dreaming civilization- the third quadrant. Also the third square is more separate and individual. Chinese civilization isolated itself more from the first two.
*Square four: Indus Valley civilization. The fourth is always different from the previous three. This civilization is not well known, and only recently discovered. Its cities were built based upon quadrant grids. This civilization is mysterious; the fourth square is a mysterious square, and often seem as if nothing is there.
*Square five: Historians say that the Meso-american civilizations were not civilizations because they lacked a writing system. But great cities like Tenochtitlan were also built based on a quadrant pattern. The grid of Tenochtitlan was a quadrant. The fifth is always questionable.